Leopard


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Applications: Mixx (Open source Software), LMMs (Open Source Software), AI based text to video applications like VEO 3,
Movie editing 
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Relevant Background: “The Sound Effects Software market is valued at USD 14,263.9 Million in 2022 and will be USD 31,250 Million by 2030 with a CAGR of 10.3% during the forecast period of 2023-30.…” (https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/sound-effects-software-market-report#:~:text=The%20Sound%20Effects%20Software%20market,forecast%20period%20of%202023%2D30.&text=The%20base%20year%20for%20the%20calculation%20is%202024)
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Relevant Material: “Sound effects (SFX) significantly enhance instrumentals and music videos by adding depth, emotion, and realism. In instrumentals, SFX can emphasize specific musical elements or create unique soundscapes, while in music videos, they amplify the visual narrative, adding impact and immersion. 
Impact of Sound Effects: 
  • Emphasis and Emotion:
    SFX can highlight key moments in music, emphasize emotional transitions, and create a stronger connection between the music and the listener/viewer. 
  • Realism and Immersion:
    In music videos, SFX like ambient sounds, environmental noises, or even subtle background effects can make scenes feel more realistic and immersive, drawing the viewer into the video's world. 
  • Storytelling:
    Sound effects can be used to tell a story, especially in instrumental tracks where there are no vocals. They can be used to create a sense of tension, excitement, or even humor. 
  • Branding:
    Unique SFX can be associated with a particular artist or song, becoming part of their signature sound and helping to create a distinct brand identity. 
Examples of Sound Effects Applications: 
  • Instrumentals:
    • Atmosphere: Adding wind or rain sounds to create a specific mood. 
    • Rhythm and Groove: Using percussive SFX like claps or hits to emphasize the rhythm and add an extra layer of groove. 
    • Transitions: Employing whooshes or risers to create smooth transitions between sections of the music. 
  • Music Videos:
    • Scene Enhancement: Adding the sound of a car engine to a car scene, or the sound of a crowd to a concert scene. 
    • Emotional Impact: Using a gunshot sound to create a sense of danger or suspense, or a heart beat sound to emphasize a romantic scene. 
    • Visual Emphasis: Adding the sound of a camera shutter to a scene where a photo is being taken, or the sound of a door closing to a scene where someone is entering a room. 
Where to Find Sound Effects: 
  • Online Libraries:
    Many websites offer royalty-free sound effects, such as YouTube Audio Library, Freesound, AudioJungle, and Epidemic Sound. 
  • Software:
    Many audio and video editing programs come with built-in sound effects or the ability to import custom sound effects. 
  • Field Recording:
    Sound designers can record their own sound effects, adding a unique touch to their projects. 
By using sound effects effectively, musicians and video creators can elevate their work, creating a more engaging and memorable experience for their audience..” (Google)
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Relevant Material: “ Music Piracy is another form of Copyright Infringement. In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy" ("Copyright infringement", n.d.). Music piracy affects music producers, composers and ultimately economy throughout the world not just in one region. YouTube alone is claimed to have been spending "millions of dollars" to prevent copyright videos that create a loss of "millions of dollars" to copyright owners throughout the world. Music piracy is not just limited to YouTube and other video streaming sites, but also P2P (peer-to-peer).  Though many p2p users have protested and continue to protest against the file-sharing laws, file sharing is still considered "piracy" and "Illegal". " In one example, the RIAA claimed damages against LimeWire totaling $75 trillion – more than the global GDP – with the judge overseeing the case ruling that such claims were "absurd".[99] The $75 trillion figure had been obtained by counting each song downloaded as an infringement of copyright. After the conclusion of the case, LimeWire agreed to pay $105 million to RIAA." ("Copyright infringement", n.d.). Music piracy also exists in the form of video remakes and reuses. Whether it's an educational video or a gameplay video, many users decide to add in their favourite tracks using popular video editing software like "Windows Movie Maker". Hence, the video that is supposed to get thousands of views and subscribers gets copyright strikes on YouTube instead.


    Last but not least, the software industry also has "Piracy distribution". This market often utilizes the networking capability of internet users to distribute "pirated" software. Whether openly through several software download sites or peer-to-peer networks, it is child's play to find an illegal download of proprietary software over the net. With the consumer industry ever so demanding, the use of high-tech software has become increasingly popular, and so have "illegal downloads" for those who can find this treasure over the net. "The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000)." ("Copyright infringement", n.d.). Since the sales and service of the software industry are moving in the direction of emerging markets, the loss due to "piracy" is also moving in that direction. "Businesses and consumers around the world bought $95 billion worth of legal personal computer (PC)  in 2010, according to the Business Software Alliance (BSA), but they installed another $58.8 billion in pirated software. "This means that for every dollar spent on legitimate software in 2010, an additional 63 cents worth of unlicensed software also made its way into the market," the BSA said" (Lefkow, 2011). Hence, "piracy" is a global phenomenon” (https://doc-essays.blogspot.com/2025/05/copyright-infringement.html)

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Relevant Coverage:
A. Personal Property Coverage like for Computers and Cellphones 
B. Liability coverage 
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